Details for: PLD3

Gene ID: 23646

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PLD3

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105223

Description: phospholipase D family member 3

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 72.78
    rCSI 71.58%
    PRS 62.53
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 70.95
    rCSI 74.33%
    PRS 63.48
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 60.93
    rCSI 55.94%
    PRS 68.68
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 43.45
    rCSI 82.03%
    PRS 70.4
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 40.96
    rCSI 65.88%
    PRS 43.91
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 38.91
    rCSI 65.32%
    PRS 41.81
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 36.5
    rCSI 33.68%
    PRS 61.35
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 35.4
    rCSI 29.35%
    PRS 58.83
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 35.38
    rCSI 44.48%
    PRS 71.89
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 35.29
    rCSI 43.9%
    PRS 39.88
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 34.14
    rCSI 40.98%
    PRS 57.93
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 31.86
    rCSI 38.06%
    PRS 41.64
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 31.74
    rCSI 43.25%
    PRS 51.78
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 31.08
    rCSI 54.89%
    PRS 40.85
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 29.53
    rCSI 38.07%
    PRS 43.04
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 28.13
    rCSI 62.13%
    PRS 46.23
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 28.05
    rCSI 68.17%
    PRS 40.45
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 27.92
    rCSI 29.18%
    PRS 57.95
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 26.37
    rCSI 18.93%
    PRS 74.23
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 26
    rCSI 42.82%
    PRS 65.26
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 25.06
    rCSI 35.76%
    PRS 62.28
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 23.44
    rCSI 29.84%
    PRS 66.47
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 21.89
    rCSI 33.96%
    PRS 67.57
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 20.93
    rCSI 16.47%
    PRS 66.5
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 20.51
    rCSI 46.54%
    PRS 64.02
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 20.37
    rCSI 63.66%
    PRS 43.4
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 18.84
    rCSI 67.8%
    PRS 40.22
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 18.67
    rCSI 70.56%
    PRS 42.67
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 18.49
    rCSI 57.82%
    PRS 45.99
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 17.87
    rCSI 42.97%
    PRS 67.74
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 16.96
    rCSI 45.18%
    PRS 49.3
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 16.2
    rCSI 16.58%
    PRS 74.8
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 16.04
    rCSI 60.54%
    PRS 46.57
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 15.89
    rCSI 63.25%
    PRS 72.88
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 15.82
    rCSI 40.17%
    PRS 54.24
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 15.24
    rCSI 34.85%
    PRS 59.69
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 15.09
    rCSI 14.26%
    PRS 59.37
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 14.98
    rCSI 10.42%
    PRS 70.83
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 14.87
    rCSI 11.01%
    PRS 52.49
  • macrophage CL0000235
    CSI 14.75
    rCSI 26.83%
    PRS 78.55
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 13.95
    rCSI 22.49%
    PRS 63.84
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 13.88
    rCSI 31%
    PRS 67.62
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 13.61
    rCSI 13.1%
    PRS 60.1
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 13.5
    rCSI 19.76%
    PRS 64.24
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 13.44
    rCSI 16.1%
    PRS 76.93
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 12.73
    rCSI 58.8%
    PRS 78.77
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 12.4
    rCSI 73.02%
    PRS 43.14
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 11.75
    rCSI 54.78%
    PRS 77.15
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 11.73
    rCSI 15.69%
    PRS 68.77
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 11.67
    rCSI 25.31%
    PRS 47.91
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 11.59
    rCSI 25.66%
    PRS 57.82
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 11.52
    rCSI 9.65%
    PRS 64.38
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 11.34
    rCSI 15.7%
    PRS 61.17
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 11.1
    rCSI 24.91%
    PRS 77.96
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 10.82
    rCSI 8.13%
    PRS 65.28
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 10.65
    rCSI 8.65%
    PRS 60.38
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 10.63
    rCSI 21.33%
    PRS 49.05
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 10.57
    rCSI 27.31%
    PRS 54.83
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 10.5
    rCSI 10.96%
    PRS 60.14
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 10.41
    rCSI 19.5%
    PRS 48.43
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 10.11
    rCSI 12.6%
    PRS 70.71
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 10.04
    rCSI 15.52%
    PRS 57.92
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 9.9
    rCSI 8.7%
    PRS 65.34
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 9.79
    rCSI 22.34%
    PRS 51.77
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 9.75
    rCSI 25.72%
    PRS 68.78
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 9.7
    rCSI 7.33%
    PRS 73.79
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 9.67
    rCSI 27.2%
    PRS 56.66
  • tendon cell CL0000388
    CSI 9.64
    rCSI 25.04%
    PRS 76.21
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 9.54
    rCSI 16.72%
    PRS 51.93
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 9.47
    rCSI 8.17%
    PRS 65.66
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 9.44
    rCSI 32.33%
    PRS 49.01
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 9.34
    rCSI 12.76%
    PRS 61.71
  • CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939
    CSI 9.21
    rCSI 6.14%
    PRS 80.11
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 9.06
    rCSI 38.09%
    PRS 73.57
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 9.02
    rCSI 15.9%
    PRS 68.2
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 9
    rCSI 8.37%
    PRS 60.34
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 8.87
    rCSI 13.55%
    PRS 69.28
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 8.54
    rCSI 10.32%
    PRS 68.64
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 8.39
    rCSI 21.28%
    PRS 49.33
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 8.31
    rCSI 12.77%
    PRS 56.36
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 8.22
    rCSI 12.09%
    PRS 53.76
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 8.18
    rCSI 23.56%
    PRS 73.64
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 8.11
    rCSI 6.28%
    PRS 61.5
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 8.09
    rCSI 10.38%
    PRS 57.22
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 8
    rCSI 12.64%
    PRS 61.94
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 7.82
    rCSI 20.32%
    PRS 63.47
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 7.79
    rCSI 6.16%
    PRS 46.76
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 7.76
    rCSI 60.77%
    PRS 71.81
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 7.68
    rCSI 56.43%
    PRS 46.8
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 7.67
    rCSI 8.22%
    PRS 59.08
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 7.55
    rCSI 15.51%
    PRS 78.48
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 7.55
    rCSI 5.61%
    PRS 73.12
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 7.46
    rCSI 11.37%
    PRS 56.24
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 7.4
    rCSI 26.29%
    PRS 69.06
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 7.36
    rCSI 17.47%
    PRS 63.73
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 7.29
    rCSI 28.18%
    PRS 74.72
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 7.28
    rCSI 6.57%
    PRS 56.72
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 7.19
    rCSI 11.77%
    PRS 49.2
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 7.18
    rCSI 6.92%
    PRS 50.4
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 7.13
    rCSI 4.74%
    PRS 63.1
  • peptic cell CL0000155
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 79.3%
  • lung goblet cell CL1000143
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 81.5%
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 83.0%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 69.4%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 72.5%
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 10.1%
    PRS 79.3%
  • epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 90.7%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 71.2%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 75.1%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 79.0%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 60.6%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 58.4%
  • CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 87.2%
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 70.5%
  • neuroplacodal cell CL0000032
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 8.0%
    PRS 70.8%
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 27.8%
    PRS 79.9%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 76.3%
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 76.7%
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 77.1%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 58.8%
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 57.6%
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 59.4%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 51.1%
  • Purkinje cell CL0000121
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 14.5%
    PRS 80.5%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 74.0%
  • brush cell CL0002204
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 77.3%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 79.6%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 10.9%
    PRS 53.2%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 75.3%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 9.6%
    PRS 74.8%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 80.9%
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 78.1%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 71.0%
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 72.5%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 75.5%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 64.3%
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 70.3%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 64.1%
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 14.4%
    PRS 46.6%
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 64.2%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 49.7%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 72.3%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 79.9%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 71.5%
  • odontoblast CL0000060
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 38.9%
    PRS 81.8%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 75.6%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 50.5%
  • mature microglial cell CL0002629
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 59.9%
  • serous secreting cell CL0000313
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 9.2%
    PRS 84.5%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 68.8%
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 82.1%
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 13.2%
    PRS 73.2%
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 10.8%
    PRS 70.6%
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 12.5%
    PRS 41.8%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 61.4%
  • mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 54.2%
    PRS 81.9%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 76.0%
  • erythroid lineage cell CL0000764
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 13.4%
    PRS 77.9%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 70.5%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 70.8%
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 9.3%
    PRS 53.8%
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 59.7%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 53.7%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 58.3%
  • mature T cell CL0002419
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 77.9%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 78.6%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 49.9%
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 73.0%
  • GABAergic interneuron CL0011005
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 37.4%
    PRS 64.8%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 64.7%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 70.9%
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 57.7%
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 67.6%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 49.6%
  • cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron CL4023111
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 15.9%
    PRS 75.2%
  • osteoblast CL0000062
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 65.4%
    PRS 88.3%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 16.7%
    PRS 51.9%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 71.4%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 15.2%
    PRS 45.1%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 56.4%
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 14.9%
    PRS 76.1%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 56.3%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 60.5%
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 12.4%
    PRS 43.9%
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 67.4%
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 8.1%
    PRS 72.7%
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 13.4%
    PRS 78.1%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 56.2%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 52.2%
  • cell of skeletal muscle CL0000188
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 33.3%
    PRS 81.9%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 64.1%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 61.7%
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 65.2%
    PRS 52.3%
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 25.7%
    PRS 79.5%
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 17.3%
    PRS 72.3%
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 47.8%
    PRS 75.3%
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 68.7%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 57.0%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 78.8%
    PRS 41.9%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 79.2%
    PRS 41.0%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) (Phospholipase D Family Member 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19q13.2. It encodes a type II transmembrane protein primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and endolysosomal compartments. While named for its homology to phospholipases, its precise molecular function remains an area of active investigation, with evidence suggesting potential roles in both phospholipid metabolism and nuclease activity. Functionally, [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) is implicated in diverse biological processes including the [immune system process (GO:0002376)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002376), lipid metabolism, and [myotube differentiation (GO:0014902)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0014902) [Link](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033341). Expression data highlights its significance in distinct cellular contexts, with particularly high expression in pancreatic endocrine cells like [pancreatic D cell](/details-cell/CL0000173) and [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171), as well as in various myeloid lineage cells, including [elicited macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861). Clinically, rare coding variants in [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) have been associated with an increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, although this link has been debated across different populations [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12825), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22908). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) reveals a significant role in several distinct and highly specialized cell lineages. **Overall**, the gene's expression is most prominent in two major systems: the endocrine pancreas and the myeloid branch of the immune system. The highest significance scores are observed in [pancreatic D cell](/details-cell/CL0000173) (CSI: 72.78) and [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171) (CSI: 70.95), suggesting a specific and important function in the regulation of somatostatin and glucagon secretion or the general physiology of these islet cells. Concurrently, [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) is a significant gene in phagocytic cells of the myeloid lineage. This is evidenced by high CSI scores in [elicited macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) (CSI: 60.93), the placenta-specific [Hofbauer cell](/details-cell/CL3000001) (CSI: 43.45), and [alternatively activated macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000890) (CSI: 35.38), as well as the broader [myeloid leukocyte](/details-cell/CL0000766) category (CSI: 36.50). This pattern points towards a functional role in innate immunity, phagocytosis, and inflammatory processes. Additionally, [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) shows notable significance in various neuronal subtypes, particularly several GABAergic cortical interneurons, including [sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023015) (CSI: 40.96) and [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011) (CSI: 38.91). This expression in the central nervous system is consistent with its putative link to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) highlight its involvement at the crossroads of lipid metabolism and immune function. Its name suggests a primary role in phospholipid signaling via [Phospholipase d activity (GO:0004630)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004630), which is supported by its participation in pathways such as [Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis (R-HSA-1483206)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1483206) and the broader [Metabolism of lipids (R-HSA-556833)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-556833). However, the gene's strong expression in macrophages aligns more closely with its annotated roles in the [Innate immune system (R-HSA-168249)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-168249) and specifically in phagocytic processes like [Fcgamma receptor (fcgr) dependent phagocytosis (R-HSA-2029480)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-2029480) and [Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis (R-HSA-2029485)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-2029485). Its localization to endosomal and lysosomal membranes ([Early endosome membrane (GO:0031901)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031901), [Lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005765)) further supports a function in processing phagocytosed material. Some evidence also points to an alternative or additional [Single-stranded dna 5'-3' dna exonuclease activity (GO:0045145)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045145), suggesting a more complex enzymatic function than its name implies. Furthermore, its involvement in the [Regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response (GO:1900015)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1900015) connects its molecular activity directly to immune signaling outcomes. ## Research Directions The diverse expression pattern and functional annotations of [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) suggest it plays multifaceted roles in cellular physiology and disease. Its connection to Alzheimer's disease, combined with its high expression in both neurons and macrophages (including brain-resident microglia), presents a compelling area for investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in myeloid cells and its genetic link to Alzheimer's disease [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12825), [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) may modulate AD risk by regulating the phagocytic clearance of amyloid-beta plaques by microglia. Loss-of-function variants could impair lysosomal processing of plaques, leading to their accumulation and the promotion of neuroinflammation. 2. The exceptionally high and specific expression of [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) in pancreatic D and A cells suggests a novel role in endocrine function. [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) could be involved in the phospholipid remodeling of secretory granules required for the proper exocytosis of somatostatin and glucagon, thereby influencing glucose homeostasis. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) in microglial amyloid-beta clearance, one could utilize an iPSC-based model. Microglia would be differentiated from iPSCs derived from healthy controls and from Alzheimer's patients carrying known [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) risk variants. These patient-derived microglia could then be co-cultured with fluorescently-labeled fibrillar amyloid-beta. The rate of phagocytosis and subsequent degradation of the amyloid-beta could be quantified using high-content imaging and flow cytometry. Additionally, RNA-sequencing and proteomic analysis of these cells would reveal downstream pathways affected by the [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) variants, potentially linking its molecular function to changes in lysosomal hydrolase activity or inflammatory signaling. **Therapeutic Potential:** The association of rare [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) variants with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease suggests a loss-of-function mechanism. Consequently, therapeutic strategies would likely focus on the **activation or functional enhancement** of the PLD3 protein rather than its inhibition. A small molecule activator capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier could potentially restore normal microglial function and enhance amyloid clearance. However, the high expression of [PLD3](/details-gene/23646) in other critical tissues, such as the pancreas, presents a potential challenge for systemic therapies, as off-target effects on endocrine function would need to be carefully evaluated. Targeting this pathway may require cell-type-specific delivery systems to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects.

Genular Protein ID: 3367634095

Symbol: PLD3_HUMAN

Name: Choline phosphatase 3

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9140189

Title: A human homolog of the vaccinia virus HindIII K4L gene is a member of the phospholipase D superfamily.

PubMed ID: 9140189

DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(96)01422-0

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15794758

Title: Hu-K4 is a ubiquitously expressed type 2 transmembrane protein associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.

PubMed ID: 15794758

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04601.x

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22428023

Title: A role for phospholipase D3 in myotube formation.

PubMed ID: 22428023

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033341

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 24336208

Title: Rare coding variants in the phospholipase D3 gene confer risk for Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed ID: 24336208

DOI: 10.1038/nature12825

PubMed ID: 26411346

Title: Rare variants in PLD3 do not affect risk for early-onset Alzheimer disease in a European consortium cohort.

PubMed ID: 26411346

DOI: 10.1002/humu.22908

PubMed ID: 25832408

Title: PLD3 and sporadic Alzheimer's disease risk.

PubMed ID: 25832408

DOI: 10.1038/nature14036

PubMed ID: 25832410

Title: PLD3 variants in population studies.

PubMed ID: 25832410

DOI: 10.1038/nature14038

PubMed ID: 25832411

Title: PLD3 in non-familial Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed ID: 25832411

DOI: 10.1038/nature14039

PubMed ID: 25832413

Title: PLD3 gene variants and Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed ID: 25832413

DOI: 10.1038/nature14040

PubMed ID: 25832409

Title: Cruchaga & Goate reply.

PubMed ID: 25832409

DOI: 10.1038/nature14041

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 29053796

Title: Exome sequencing and network analysis identifies shared mechanisms underlying spinocerebellar ataxia.

PubMed ID: 29053796

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx251

PubMed ID: 28128235

Title: PLD3 gene and processing of APP.

PubMed ID: 28128235

DOI: 10.1038/nature21030

PubMed ID: 30312375

Title: PLD3 and spinocerebellar ataxia.

PubMed ID: 30312375

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy258

PubMed ID: 29368044

Title: Analysis of novel endosome-to-Golgi retrieval genes reveals a role for PLD3 in regulating endosomal protein sorting and amyloid precursor protein processing.

PubMed ID: 29368044

DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2752-9

PubMed ID: 29386126

Title: Unconventional Trafficking of Mammalian Phospholipase D3 to Lysosomes.

PubMed ID: 29386126

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.100

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 490
  • Mass: 54705
  • Checksum: 444EC4D02F5610F1
  • Sequence:
  • MKPKLMYQEL KVPAEEPANE LPMNEIEAWK AAEKKARWVL LVLILAVVGF GALMTQLFLW 
    EYGDLHLFGP NQRPAPCYDP CEAVLVESIP EGLDFPNAST GNPSTSQAWL GLLAGAHSSL 
    DIASFYWTLT NNDTHTQEPS AQQGEEVLRQ LQTLAPKGVN VRIAVSKPSG PQPQADLQAL 
    LQSGAQVRMV DMQKLTHGVL HTKFWVVDQT HFYLGSANMD WRSLTQVKEL GVVMYNCSCL 
    ARDLTKIFEA YWFLGQAGSS IPSTWPRFYD TRYNQETPME ICLNGTPALA YLASAPPPLC 
    PSGRTPDLKA LLNVVDNARS FIYVAVMNYL PTLEFSHPHR FWPAIDDGLR RATYERGVKV 
    RLLISCWGHS EPSMRAFLLS LAALRDNHTH SDIQVKLFVV PADEAQARIP YARVNHNKYM 
    VTERATYIGT SNWSGNYFTE TAGTSLLVTQ NGRGGLRSQL EAIFLRDWDS PYSHDLDTSA 
    DSVGNACRLL