Details for: AKR1A1

Gene ID: 10327

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: AKR1A1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117448

Description: aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 52.42
    rCSI 54.79%
    PRS 13.4
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 51.09
    rCSI 49.26%
    PRS 8.76
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 39.24
    rCSI 26.08%
    PRS 15.17
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 35.59
    rCSI 41.8%
    PRS 14.98
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 34.28
    rCSI 74.83%
    PRS 25.61
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 33.49
    rCSI 35.08%
    PRS 11.86
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 32.42
    rCSI 52.27%
    PRS 20.36
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 30.82
    rCSI 44.42%
    PRS 20.51
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 29.55
    rCSI 23.89%
    PRS 12.56
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 29.34
    rCSI 23.08%
    PRS 15.11
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 28.91
    rCSI 30.72%
    PRS 22.62
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 27.59
    rCSI 39.55%
    PRS 17.46
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 26.85
    rCSI 24.66%
    PRS 14.56
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 25.62
    rCSI 23.64%
    PRS 12.9
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 24.72
    rCSI 21.95%
    PRS 12.75
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 24.44
    rCSI 32.48%
    PRS 13.91
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 24.08
    rCSI 21.74%
    PRS 11.25
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 23.87
    rCSI 46.41%
    PRS 12.99
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 22.71
    rCSI 18.83%
    PRS 12
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 22.46
    rCSI 47.81%
    PRS 20.5
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 21.35
    rCSI 27.38%
    PRS 14.7
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 20.74
    rCSI 24.05%
    PRS 18.79
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 19.76
    rCSI 37.72%
    PRS 29.89
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 19.72
    rCSI 28.89%
    PRS 14.87
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 16.56
    rCSI 15.94%
    PRS 13.18
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 16.01
    rCSI 39.11%
    PRS 12.7
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 14.76
    rCSI 35.08%
    PRS 19.17
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 14.71
    rCSI 58.77%
    PRS 27.86
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 14.52
    rCSI 14.49%
    PRS 10.87
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 14.4
    rCSI 18.07%
    PRS 16.2
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 13.57
    rCSI 11.75%
    PRS 14.17
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 13.21
    rCSI 9.19%
    PRS 14.9
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 12.63
    rCSI 20.81%
    PRS 14.82
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 12.63
    rCSI 11.93%
    PRS 13.3
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 12.38
    rCSI 54.35%
    PRS 23.72
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 12.35
    rCSI 9.89%
    PRS 23.08
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 11.99
    rCSI 10.54%
    PRS 9.23
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 11.77
    rCSI 32.98%
    PRS 19.67
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 11.65
    rCSI 9.47%
    PRS 13.44
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 11.57
    rCSI 16.96%
    PRS 16.69
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 11.46
    rCSI 17.53%
    PRS 20.71
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 11.21
    rCSI 17.38%
    PRS 19.34
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 10.58
    rCSI 74.67%
    PRS 38.73
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 10.15
    rCSI 15.01%
    PRS 14.68
  • plasma cell CL0000786
    CSI 10.04
    rCSI 13.15%
    PRS 53.06
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 10.04
    rCSI 15.85%
    PRS 12.72
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 9.9
    rCSI 15.21%
    PRS 18.12
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 9.67
    rCSI 49.95%
    PRS 25
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 9.64
    rCSI 15.3%
    PRS 16.42
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 9.45
    rCSI 25.47%
    PRS 16.38
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 8.9
    rCSI 15.2%
    PRS 25.54
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 8.79
    rCSI 11.52%
    PRS 17.81
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 8.75
    rCSI 7.69%
    PRS 14.3
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 8.73
    rCSI 7.29%
    PRS 36.92
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 8.59
    rCSI 6.17%
    PRS 17.28
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 8.55
    rCSI 7.17%
    PRS 15.22
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 8.5
    rCSI 12.98%
    PRS 12.72
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 8.37
    rCSI 18.42%
    PRS 14.05
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 8.2
    rCSI 9.39%
    PRS 26.11
  • macrophage CL0000235
    CSI 8.2
    rCSI 14.91%
    PRS 48.47
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 8.1
    rCSI 32.25%
    PRS 22.4
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 8.08
    rCSI 9.33%
    PRS 11.17
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 8.04
    rCSI 10.98%
    PRS 14.11
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 8.01
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 8.74
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 7.91
    rCSI 7.77%
    PRS 20.05
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 7.89
    rCSI 8.64%
    PRS 14.55
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 7.77
    rCSI 85.13%
    PRS 22.98
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 7.56
    rCSI 17.3%
    PRS 12.28
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 7.52
    rCSI 32.49%
    PRS 24.36
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 13.48%
    PRS 10.61
  • memory B cell CL0000787
    CSI 7.47
    rCSI 7.38%
    PRS 47.43
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 15.95%
    PRS 11.84
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 7.03
    rCSI 9.74%
    PRS 18.32
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 6.88
    rCSI 4.79%
    PRS 18.08
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 6.82
    rCSI 7.15%
    PRS 13.6
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 6.81
    rCSI 19.43%
    PRS 21.97
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 15.72%
    PRS 19.28
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 6.63
    rCSI 12.64%
    PRS 20.27
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 6.63
    rCSI 17.29%
    PRS 20.28
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 6.59
    rCSI 19.44%
    PRS 15.53
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 6.58
    rCSI 6.77%
    PRS 20.75
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 6.58
    rCSI 4.59%
    PRS 13.34
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 6.52
    rCSI 6.99%
    PRS 11.72
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 6.45
    rCSI 5.65%
    PRS 16.85
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 6.38
    rCSI 4.85%
    PRS 16.64
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 6.36
    rCSI 69.15%
    PRS 24.49
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 6.35
    rCSI 16.08%
    PRS 15.79
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 9.46%
    PRS 22.13
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 6.17
    rCSI 7.68%
    PRS 17.93
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 6.16
    rCSI 8.42%
    PRS 14.44
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 6.12
    rCSI 11.56%
    PRS 15.79
  • peptic cell CL0000155
    CSI 6.11
    rCSI 60.11%
    PRS 37.23
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 6.08
    rCSI 7.29%
    PRS 21.81
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 6.06
    rCSI 17.37%
    PRS 18.47
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 5.99
    rCSI 12.31%
    PRS 12.96
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 5.99
    rCSI 5.53%
    PRS 23.16
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 5.97
    rCSI 9.67%
    PRS 12.98
  • respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368
    CSI 5.92
    rCSI 36.58%
    PRS 41.15
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 5.92
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 12.37
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 5.89
    rCSI 38.65%
    PRS 32.81
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI -8.6
    rCSI -27.8%
    PRS 15.6%
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI -1.9
    rCSI -3.6%
    PRS 27.6%
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI -0.9
    rCSI -1.9%
    PRS 25.7%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 0.0
    rCSI 0.0%
    PRS 16.8%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.1%
    PRS 7.8%
  • mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 55.3%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 28.3%
  • B-2 B cell CL0000822
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 60.7%
  • group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 42.4%
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 31.4%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 21.0%
  • epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 51.2%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 18.6%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 11.9%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 39.8%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 11.9%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 6.9%
  • serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland CL4033005
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 46.7%
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 36.8%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 17.0%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 17.3%
  • IgM plasma cell CL0000986
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 55.6%
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 48.1%
  • CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 43.7%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 26.2%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 24.9%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 9.8%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 12.5%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 12.6%
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 16.4%
    PRS 36.2%
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 17.8%
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 27.6%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 7.5%
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 18.1%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 14.4%
    PRS 40.8%
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 23.8%
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 24.7%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 10.9%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 9.2%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 19.5%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 15.7%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 22.0%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 19.0%
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 24.9%
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 9.8%
  • endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 19.8%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 14.4%
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 26.3%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule segment 3 CL4030011
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 10.6%
    PRS 56.1%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 12.4%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 25.1%
  • epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 14.1%
    PRS 44.4%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 11.7%
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 26.3%
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 21.3%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 14.8%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 22.5%
  • effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 30.6%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 19.5%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 11.2%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 8.0%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 14.6%
  • antibody secreting cell CL0000946
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 8.7%
    PRS 49.7%
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 46.0%
    PRS 22.7%
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 16.9%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 22.6%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 11.8%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 7.4%
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 20.4%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 12.3%
    PRS 19.6%
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 16.1%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 11.8%
  • basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 12.0%
    PRS 45.8%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 23.1%
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 69.0%
    PRS 29.3%
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 18.8%
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 21.6%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 9.9%
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 19.4%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 15.5%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 14.9%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 15.2%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 11.9%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 10.8%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 13.9%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 11.5%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 12.6%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 7.8%
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 31.5%
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 17.5%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 21.2%
    PRS 23.3%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 22.8%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 17.7%
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 10.6%
    PRS 39.4%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 11.4%
  • endocrine cell CL0000163
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 15.4%
    PRS 49.9%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 14.4%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 7.0%
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 20.5%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 9.4%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) encodes aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1, a cytosolic, NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase with broad substrate specificity. The primary function of this enzyme is the detoxification of aldehydes and ketones, playing a crucial role in cellular protection against oxidative stress and xenobiotic compounds. **Overall**, expression data reveals that [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) is a highly significant gene in metabolically active tissues, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, where it is a key marker for cell types such as `[intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563)` and `[colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108)`. Its high significance in `[stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034)` and `[hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)` populations suggests an additional role in protecting progenitor cells from metabolic damage. The gene is clinically relevant and has been associated with OMIM entry [103830](https://omim.org/entry/103830). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) points to a specialized role in detoxification and metabolism, primarily within epithelial and progenitor cell compartments. **Overall**, the gene shows its highest significance in cells of the digestive system. It is a top marker for `[intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563)` (CSI: 52.42), `[transit amplifying cell of colon](/details-cell/CL0009011)` (CSI: 35.59), `[enterocyte](/details-cell/CL0000584)` (CSI: 32.42), and `[colonocyte](/details-cell/CL1000347)` (CSI: 27.59). This strong expression pattern is consistent with a first-line defense mechanism against ingested toxins and metabolic byproducts in the gut. Its presence in secretory cells like `[tracheal goblet cell](/details-cell/CL1000329)` and `[intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031)` further supports a role in mucosal defense. A second major functional context for [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) is within progenitor and hematopoietic lineages. It exhibits high significance in `[stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034)` (CSI: 51.09) and `[hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)` (CSI: 39.24), as well as in more committed progenitors like the `[common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049)` (CSI: 29.55). This suggests that [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) may be critical for protecting the genome and metabolic integrity of these highly proliferative and long-lived cells. Conversely, [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) shows low to negative significance in structural cell types such as `[vascular associated smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000359)` (CSI: -8.58), indicating a highly specialized metabolic function rather than a general housekeeping role. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions of [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) are centered on its enzymatic activity as an 'aldo-keto reductase (nadph) activity' ([GO:0004033](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004033)). This core function enables its participation in a wide range of metabolic and catabolic processes. Functionally, [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) is integral to detoxification pathways, as evidenced by its annotation in 'aldehyde catabolic process' ([GO:0046185](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046185)) and 'cellular detoxification of aldehyde' ([GO:0110095](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0110095)). Its involvement in the Reactome pathway 'Phase ii - conjugation of compounds' ([R-HSA-156580](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-156580)) highlights its role in preparing toxic compounds for excretion. Notably, it is implicated in the metabolism of specific chemotherapeutic agents, including 'daunorubicin metabolic process' ([GO:0044597](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0044597)) and 'doxorubicin metabolic process' ([GO:0044598](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0044598)), a function supported by experimental evidence showing that allelic variants can reduce daunorubicin metabolism ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.018895)). The enzyme also participates in broader metabolic networks, including 'metabolism of carbohydrates' ([R-HSA-71387](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-71387)) and 'L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process' ([GO:0019853](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019853)). Its role in the 'negative regulation of apoptotic process' ([GO:0043066](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043066)) is likely linked to its ability to neutralize cytotoxic aldehydes that can trigger cell death. Consistent with its function, [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) is primarily localized to the `[cytosol](/details-cell/GO:0005829)` but can also be found in `[extracellular exosome](/details-cell/GO:0070062)`, suggesting a potential for intercellular communication or systemic detoxification. ## Research Directions The expression pattern and functional annotations of [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) suggest several avenues for future investigation, particularly regarding its roles in tissue homeostasis, disease, and therapeutic response. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. **Role in Gut Barrier Integrity:** Given its high expression in `[intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563)` and its function in detoxifying aldehydes, we hypothesize that [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) is a critical component of the gut mucosal barrier, protecting epithelial cells from damage induced by dietary or microbial-derived reactive aldehydes. Reduced [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) activity may increase susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases. 2. **Mechanism of Chemoresistance:** Based on its established role in metabolizing anthracycline drugs ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.018895)), we hypothesize that overexpression of [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) in tumors, particularly those of colorectal or hematopoietic origin, is a primary mechanism of clinical resistance to doxorubicin and daunorubicin. 3. **Maintenance of Stem Cell Pools:** The high significance of [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) in `[hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)` suggests a vital protective function. We hypothesize that [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) is essential for preserving the long-term self-renewal capacity of stem cells by neutralizing endogenous aldehydes like formaldehyde and malondialdehyde, which are potent DNA-damaging agents. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis regarding chemoresistance (Hypothesis 2), a compelling approach would be to use CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines with high endogenous expression. The sensitivity of these knockout cells to doxorubicin and daunorubicin could then be compared to wild-type controls using cell viability assays (e.g., MTT or CellTiter-Glo). A significant increase in drug sensitivity in the knockout cells would confirm the gene's role in chemoresistance. Further, patient-derived tumor xenografts could be used to validate these findings in an in vivo model. **Therapeutic Potential:** [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) represents a promising target for **inhibition** to enhance cancer therapy. Its specific role in metabolizing widely used chemotherapeutic agents makes it an attractive candidate for combination therapy. The development of potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors of [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) could be used to re-sensitize resistant tumors to anthracyclines, potentially improving clinical outcomes in patients with high [AKR1A1](/details-gene/10327) expression. Because the enzyme is a cytosolic protein, developing cell-penetrant inhibitors would be a key requirement for therapeutic success.

Genular Protein ID: 29130662

Symbol: AK1A1_HUMAN

Name: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2498333

Title: The aldo-keto reductase superfamily. cDNAs and deduced amino acid sequences of human aldehyde and aldose reductases.

PubMed ID: 2498333

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60566-6

PubMed ID: 10393438

Title: The structural organization of the human aldehyde reductase gene, AKR1A1, and mapping to chromosome 1p33-->p32.

PubMed ID: 10393438

DOI: 10.1159/000015265

PubMed ID: 10486210

Title: Characterization of the human aldehyde reductase gene and promoter.

PubMed ID: 10486210

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5915

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3615425

Title: Primary structure of aldehyde reductase from human liver.

PubMed ID: 3615425

PubMed ID: 7669785

Title: Mechanism of human aldehyde reductase: characterization of the active site pocket.

PubMed ID: 7669785

DOI: 10.1021/bi00035a036

PubMed ID: 10510318

Title: Major differences exist in the function and tissue-specific expression of human aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase and the principal human aldo-keto reductase AKR1 family members.

PubMed ID: 10510318

DOI: 10.1042/bj3430487

PubMed ID: 11306097

Title: Metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon trans-dihydrodiols by ubiquitously expressed aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1).

PubMed ID: 11306097

DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00237-4

PubMed ID: 18276838

Title: Two allelic variants of aldo-keto reductase 1A1 exhibit reduced in vitro metabolism of daunorubicin.

PubMed ID: 18276838

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.018895

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 30538128

Title: Molecular recognition of S-nitrosothiol substrate by its cognate protein denitrosylase.

PubMed ID: 30538128

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004947

PubMed ID: 31649033

Title: AKR1A1 is a novel mammalian S-nitroso-glutathione reductase.

PubMed ID: 31649033

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011067

PubMed ID: 15299353

Title: Structures of human and porcine aldehyde reductase: an enzyme implicated in diabetic complications.

PubMed ID: 15299353

DOI: 10.1107/s0907444994005275

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 325
  • Mass: 36573
  • Checksum: F6B27517EB754E37
  • Sequence:
  • MAASCVLLHT GQKMPLIGLG TWKSEPGQVK AAVKYALSVG YRHIDCAAIY GNEPEIGEAL 
    KEDVGPGKAV PREELFVTSK LWNTKHHPED VEPALRKTLA DLQLEYLDLY LMHWPYAFER 
    GDNPFPKNAD GTICYDSTHY KETWKALEAL VAKGLVQALG LSNFNSRQID DILSVASVRP 
    AVLQVECHPY LAQNELIAHC QARGLEVTAY SPLGSSDRAW RDPDEPVLLE EPVVLALAEK 
    YGRSPAQILL RWQVQRKVIC IPKSITPSRI LQNIKVFDFT FSPEEMKQLN ALNKNWRYIV 
    PMLTVDGKRV PRDAGHPLYP FNDPY