BUD31 | ENSG00000106245 | NCBI 8896

Details for: BUD31

Associated with

Metabolism of rna
(R-HSA-8953854)
Mrna splicing
(R-HSA-72172)
Mrna splicing - major pathway
(R-HSA-72163)
Processing of capped intron-containing pre-mrna
(R-HSA-72203)
Chromatin
(GO:0000785)
Mrna splicing, via spliceosome
(GO:0000398)
Nuclear receptor binding
(GO:0016922)
Nuclear receptor coactivator activity
(GO:0030374)
Nucleoplasm
(GO:0005654)
Nucleus
(GO:0005634)
Positive regulation of androgen receptor activity
(GO:2000825)
Positive regulation of dna-templated transcription
(GO:0045893)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Spliceosomal complex
(GO:0005681)
U2-type catalytic step 2 spliceosome
(GO:0071007)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 68.36

rCSI 60.11%

PRS 12.32
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 54.19

rCSI 52.17%

PRS 17.55
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 40.82

rCSI 40.74%

PRS 14.49
pancreatic A cell CL0000171

CSI 36.38

rCSI 38.11%

PRS 18.13
pancreatic D cell CL0000173

CSI 24.25

rCSI 23.85%

PRS 18.42
pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079

CSI 23.66

rCSI 46.02%

PRS 17.36
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 20.44

rCSI 21.37%

PRS 17.77
deuterosomal cell CL4033044

CSI 19.44

rCSI 65.72%

PRS 27.51
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 18.97

rCSI 15.9%

PRS 20.24
lung ciliated cell CL1000271

CSI 16.98

rCSI 19.63%

PRS 12.44
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 15.88

rCSI 36.2%

PRS 17.5
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 14.78

rCSI 18.54%

PRS 21.91
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 14.42

rCSI 13.02%

PRS 15.21
mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327

CSI 14.41

rCSI 50.57%

PRS 30.05
forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000

CSI 14.28

rCSI 45.83%

PRS 24.56
type B pancreatic cell CL0000169

CSI 13.79

rCSI 30.53%

PRS 15.73
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 13.39

rCSI 16.56%

PRS 14.86
pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064

CSI 13.36

rCSI 17.76%

PRS 18.55
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035

CSI 10.89

rCSI 31.52%

PRS 19.23
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 10.68

rCSI 7.43%

PRS 24.05
stem cell CL0000034

CSI 9.33

rCSI 9%

PRS 12.11
primitive red blood cell CL0002355

CSI 8.81

rCSI 47.53%

PRS 30.55
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 8.55

rCSI 13.21%

PRS 15.86
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 8.53

rCSI 10.02%

PRS 19.82
mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134

CSI 8.27

rCSI 90.58%

PRS 30.37
radial glial cell CL0000681

CSI 8.21

rCSI 11.4%

PRS 17.41
large pre-B-II cell CL0000957

CSI 7.96

rCSI 22.73%

PRS 29.21
blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071

CSI 7.69

rCSI 15.96%

PRS 16.94
pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410

CSI 7.15

rCSI 41.59%

PRS 25.35
retinal ganglion cell CL0000740

CSI 7.04

rCSI 15.55%

PRS 12.14
memory B cell CL0000787

CSI 6.87

rCSI 6.79%

PRS 58.16
Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695

CSI 6.82

rCSI 53.45%

PRS 35.13
enteroendocrine cell CL0000164

CSI 6.67

rCSI 9.11%

PRS 18.77
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 6.63

rCSI 9.04%

PRS 15.07
epithelial cell CL0000066

CSI 6.33

rCSI 9.72%

PRS 23.55
chondrocyte CL0000138

CSI 6.26

rCSI 9.95%

PRS 14.39
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 6.19

rCSI 5.13%

PRS 16.03
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 6.07

rCSI 10.4%

PRS 23.01
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 5.77

rCSI 6.05%

PRS 15.79
kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111

CSI 5.45

rCSI 7.72%

PRS 15.79
pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001

CSI 5.43

rCSI 10.35%

PRS 26.93
fibroblast CL0000057

CSI 5.42

rCSI 15.59%

PRS 63.28
pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063

CSI 5.38

rCSI 8.34%

PRS 25.53
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050

CSI 5.31

rCSI 4.04%

PRS 22.38
melanocyte CL0000148

CSI 5.25

rCSI 3.89%

PRS 14.89
tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001

CSI 5.13

rCSI 22.18%

PRS 31.51
colon goblet cell CL0009039

CSI 5.04

rCSI 11.99%

PRS 25.39
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 4.99

rCSI 4.32%

PRS 19.06
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011

CSI 4.96

rCSI 14.65%

PRS 20.5
glutamatergic neuron CL0000679

CSI 4.9

rCSI 10.08%

PRS 16.88
choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706

CSI 4.89

rCSI 8.01%

PRS 13.04
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 4.89

rCSI 6.25%

PRS 60.19
neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338

CSI 4.84

rCSI 5.59%

PRS 14.86
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 4.83

rCSI 3.63%

PRS 17.86
goblet cell CL0000160

CSI 4.8

rCSI 4.54%

PRS 17.71
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 4.77

rCSI 5.37%

PRS 27.22
ciliated cell CL0000064

CSI 4.76

rCSI 7.71%

PRS 17.2
pancreatic PP cell CL0002275

CSI 4.75

rCSI 18.91%

PRS 29.43
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906

CSI 4.68

rCSI 4.6%

PRS 46.35
vein endothelial cell CL0002543

CSI 4.63

rCSI 12.62%

PRS 58.06
endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138

CSI 4.61

rCSI 9.14%

PRS 47.06
foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179

CSI 4.49

rCSI 9.56%

PRS 27.08
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI 4.43

rCSI 7.14%

PRS 26.51
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 4.34

rCSI 4.5%

PRS 19.93
acinar cell CL0000622

CSI 4.34

rCSI 6.36%

PRS 22.25
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 4.3

rCSI 4.49%

PRS 17.36
neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031

CSI 4.23

rCSI 5.42%

PRS 16.46
interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088

CSI 4.19

rCSI 5.33%

PRS 19.73
CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810

CSI 3.96

rCSI 3.17%

PRS 30.48
cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602

CSI 3.88

rCSI 6.72%

PRS 12.92
Langerhans cell CL0000453

CSI 3.88

rCSI 5.92%

PRS 29.85
erythroid lineage cell CL0000764

CSI 3.8

rCSI 24.46%

PRS 38.02
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 3.78

rCSI 7.29%

PRS 38
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 3.77

rCSI 5.22%

PRS 24.12
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 3.76

rCSI 3.05%

PRS 17.93
common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051

CSI 3.73

rCSI 4.98%

PRS 32.28
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 3.69

rCSI 2.45%

PRS 20.41
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 3.63

rCSI 3.03%

PRS 45.94
plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 3.61

rCSI 2.84%

PRS 20.48
endocrine cell CL0000163

CSI 3.59

rCSI 18.42%

PRS 59.63
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 3.58

rCSI 4.15%

PRS 24.78
basal cell CL0000646

CSI 3.55

rCSI 4.75%

PRS 18.58
non-classical monocyte CL0000875

CSI 3.53

rCSI 5.66%

PRS 48.43
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 3.52

rCSI 5.1%

PRS 25.34
CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938

CSI 3.48

rCSI 2.61%

PRS 46.65
caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064

CSI 3.4

rCSI 6.01%

PRS 9.96
CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934

CSI 3.37

rCSI 4.63%

PRS 34.27
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 3.35

rCSI 2.97%

PRS 17
erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038

CSI 3.34

rCSI 19.16%

PRS 25.9
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 3.31

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 23.31
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 3.22

rCSI 2.61%

PRS 16.94
regulatory T cell CL0000815

CSI 3.19

rCSI 3.7%

PRS 47.49
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 3.18

rCSI 3.64%

PRS 34.53
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI 3.1

rCSI 4.94%

PRS 18.61
P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268

CSI 3.07

rCSI 16.7%

PRS 40.37
natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903

CSI 3.03

rCSI 5.73%

PRS 45.28
eosinophil CL0000771

CSI 3.02

rCSI 19.79%

PRS 42.67
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 2.98

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 15.62
unswitched memory B cell CL0000970

CSI 2.97

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 27.18
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 2.95

rCSI 2.27%

PRS 15.63

lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223

CSI -6.8

rCSI -10.1%

PRS 19.4%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794

CSI -0.1

rCSI -0.2%

PRS 29.6%
paneth cell of colon CL0009009

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 45.1%
group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 54.0%
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 17.9%
tracheal goblet cell CL1000329

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 33.3%
cord blood hematopoietic stem cell CL2000095

CSI 0.2

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 78.5%
intestinal tuft cell CL0019032

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 19.5%
pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010

CSI 0.2

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 51.3%
megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553

CSI 0.2

rCSI 4.2%

PRS 48.4%
small intestine goblet cell CL1000495

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 22.7%
lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016

CSI 0.3

rCSI 5.3%

PRS 48.9%
bronchiolar smooth muscle cell CL4033017

CSI 0.3

rCSI 4.6%

PRS 48.4%
enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 42.9%
epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449

CSI 0.4

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 62.1%
epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 16.7%
intraepithelial lymphocyte CL0002496

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 60.3%
paneth cell CL0000510

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 26.6%
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 23.4%
follicular B cell CL0000843

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.5%

PRS 55.5%
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 27.5%
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 17.0%
neural progenitor cell CL0011020

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 16.2%
suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 10.0%
enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 29.4%
hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092

CSI 0.5

rCSI 7.8%

PRS 60.0%
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 21.2%
platelet CL0000233

CSI 0.5

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 32.5%
immature B cell CL0000816

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 25.2%
OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 26.9%
pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019

CSI 0.5

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 38.7%
acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623

CSI 0.5

rCSI 12.0%

PRS 31.4%
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 22.4%
bronchial goblet cell CL1000312

CSI 0.5

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 36.1%
IgG plasma cell CL0000985

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 29.5%
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 0.5

rCSI 4.3%

PRS 17.3%
CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057

CSI 0.6

rCSI 3.4%

PRS 37.6%
respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368

CSI 0.6

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 51.8%
type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577

CSI 0.6

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 27.6%
enteric neuron CL0007011

CSI 0.6

rCSI 9.2%

PRS 40.7%
CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397

CSI 0.7

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 24.0%
fibroblast of breast CL4006000

CSI 0.7

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 41.9%
CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920

CSI 0.7

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 28.6%
germinal center B cell CL0000844

CSI 0.7

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 40.2%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203

CSI 0.7

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 21.5%
paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343

CSI 0.7

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 26.2%
alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 0.7

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 20.0%
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 0.7

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 34.7%
transitional stage B cell CL0000818

CSI 0.7

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 45.2%
keratocyte CL0002363

CSI 0.8

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 25.2%
epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252

CSI 0.8

rCSI 7.6%

PRS 53.1%
IgA plasma cell CL0000987

CSI 0.8

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 31.4%
mucus secreting cell CL0000319

CSI 0.8

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 21.9%
prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059

CSI 0.8

rCSI 18.8%

PRS 52.2%
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 0.8

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 29.9%
transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012

CSI 0.8

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 31.4%
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 0.8

rCSI 5.6%

PRS 32.8%
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 0.9

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 19.7%
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 0.9

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 28.6%
basal cell of epidermis CL0002187

CSI 0.9

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 14.8%
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 0.9

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 26.1%
endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095

CSI 0.9

rCSI 6.7%

PRS 44.6%
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915

CSI 0.9

rCSI 4.2%

PRS 54.9%
central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904

CSI 0.9

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 23.5%
T-helper 1 cell CL0000545

CSI 1.0

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 42.7%
kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107

CSI 1.0

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 15.8%
hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837

CSI 1.0

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 27.0%
luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340

CSI 1.0

rCSI 5.3%

PRS 30.2%
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 1.0

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 13.0%
syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525

CSI 1.0

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 32.1%
Hofbauer cell CL3000001

CSI 1.1

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 21.3%
glial cell CL0000125

CSI 1.1

rCSI 4.2%

PRS 16.7%
progenitor cell CL0011026

CSI 1.1

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 27.6%
L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038

CSI 1.1

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 10.7%
epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296

CSI 1.1

rCSI 28.3%

PRS 49.0%
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 1.1

rCSI 1.7%

PRS 20.1%
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044

CSI 1.1

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 25.0%
intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017

CSI 1.2

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 21.9%
enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006

CSI 1.2

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 25.8%
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 1.2

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 26.9%
peptic cell CL0000155

CSI 1.2

rCSI 12.1%

PRS 45.9%
thymocyte CL0000893

CSI 1.2

rCSI 4.4%

PRS 50.8%
T follicular helper cell CL0002038

CSI 1.3

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 27.3%
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI 1.3

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 23.2%
lung macrophage CL1001603

CSI 1.3

rCSI 2.9%

PRS 19.6%
ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046

CSI 1.3

rCSI 4.4%

PRS 59.1%
cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI 1.3

rCSI 7.6%

PRS 24.8%
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 1.3

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 30.1%
mesodermal cell CL0000222

CSI 1.4

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 16.7%
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 1.4

rCSI 6.9%

PRS 22.4%
Kupffer cell CL0000091

CSI 1.4

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 16.4%
mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113

CSI 1.4

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 19.0%
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 1.4

rCSI 3.9%

PRS 27.9%
professional antigen presenting cell CL0000145

CSI 1.4

rCSI 4.9%

PRS 56.1%
renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011

CSI 1.4

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 22.3%
pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000

CSI 1.4

rCSI 1.7%

PRS 21.3%
glandular epithelial cell CL0000150

CSI 1.4

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 32.9%
kidney epithelial cell CL0002518

CSI 1.5

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 38.0%
basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341

CSI 1.5

rCSI 4.2%

PRS 36.6%
interneuron CL0000099

CSI 1.5

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 12.6%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) is a protein-coding gene that encodes a nuclear protein with a well-established dual functionality. It is an integral component of the spliceosome, playing a crucial role in the processing of pre-mRNA as part of the U2-type catalytic step 2 spliceosome ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.033), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21079)). Additionally, [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) functions as a nuclear receptor coactivator, specifically identified as a positive regulator of androgen receptor (AR) activity ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.009)). Expression data reveals its high significance across a wide range of epithelial cell types, particularly ciliated and secretory cells, as well as in several progenitor cell populations, underscoring its importance in both fundamental cellular processes and specialized, context-dependent transcriptional regulation. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) suggests it is a highly active and important gene in tissues with high metabolic and transcriptional turnover. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in various epithelial lineages. It is a particularly strong marker for [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) (CSI: 68.36), [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012) (CSI: 40.82), and [lung ciliated cell](/details-cell/CL1000271) (CSI: 16.98), as well as secretory cells like the [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006) (CSI: 54.19). Its prominence extends to other epithelial barriers, including [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563) and [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312), and endocrine cells such as [pancreatic A cell](/details-cell/CL0000171). Furthermore, [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) is significantly expressed in progenitor populations, including the [common dendritic progenitor](/details-cell/CL0001029) and [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050). This pattern is consistent with its foundational role in splicing, a process critical for regulating the complex transcriptional programs that govern cell differentiation and fate decisions. Conversely, the low significance of [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) in terminally differentiated cell types such as the [CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell](/details-cell/CL0000794) and [lung neuroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL1000223) suggests its role may be less prominent or more specialized in cells with stable, long-term expression profiles, further highlighting its importance in dynamically transcribing cell populations. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) are highly consistent with its expression profile, reflecting its dual roles in RNA processing and transcriptional co-activation. Its primary function is deeply rooted in RNA metabolism. Gene Ontology terms place it within the [spliceosomal complex](/details-cell/GO:0005681) in the [nucleus](/details-cell/GO:0005634), where it participates in [mRNA splicing, via spliceosome](/details-cell/GO:0000398). This is strongly corroborated by its involvement in Reactome pathways such as [mRNA splicing - major pathway](/details-cell/R-HSA-72163) and [Processing of capped intron-containing pre-mRNA](/details-cell/R-HSA-72203). This ubiquitous and essential function likely explains its broad, albeit variable, expression across many cell types. A more specialized function is its role as a transcriptional co-regulator. [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) exhibits [nuclear receptor coactivator activity](/details-cell/GO:0030374) and is involved in the [positive regulation of androgen receptor activity](/details-cell/GO:2000825). This activity has been directly demonstrated to be important in the context of prostate cancer, where [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) enhances AR-mediated transcription ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.009)). This dual capacity as both a core splicing factor and a specific transcriptional coactivator makes it a key node integrating RNA processing with hormone-dependent gene regulation. ## Research Directions The dual functionality of [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) opens several avenues for future investigation, particularly at the intersection of splicing, transcriptional regulation, and disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. The exceptionally high significance of [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) in diverse ciliated epithelial cells suggests it may control the alternative splicing of a specific suite of transcripts essential for ciliogenesis, ciliary motility, or mucus layer maintenance. Dysregulation of [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) in these cells could therefore be a contributing factor to ciliopathies or chronic respiratory diseases. 2. Given its established role as an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator in prostate cancer, the high significance of [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) in other epithelial tissues (e.g., [mammary gland epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002327), [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312)) suggests a broader role in modulating AR signaling. It may act as a cell-type-specific factor that dictates the transcriptional output of AR in response to androgens in tissues beyond the prostate, potentially influencing AR-positive breast cancer or androgen-related skin disorders. **Experimental Approach:** To test the second hypothesis regarding the broader role of [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) in AR signaling, a multi-omics approach could be employed. First, one could utilize CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) in an AR-positive breast cancer cell line (e.g., MDA-MB-453). These cells, alongside wild-type controls, would be treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). RNA-sequencing would then be performed to identify the subset of the AR-regulated transcriptome that is dependent on [BUD31](/details-gene/8896). Follow-up chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) for AR could determine if [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) is required for AR recruitment to specific genomic loci or for the subsequent recruitment of transcriptional machinery. **Therapeutic Potential:** [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) represents a compelling therapeutic target, primarily through the **inhibition** of its specific interaction with the androgen receptor. Research has already demonstrated that peptides designed to disrupt the BUD31-AR complex can suppress prostate cancer cell growth ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.009)). This makes it a promising target for the development of small molecule inhibitors or therapeutic peptides aimed at treating androgen-dependent and potentially castration-resistant prostate cancers. Because [BUD31](/details-gene/8896) is also a core splicing factor, a therapeutic strategy would need to be highly specific to the AR-interaction domain to avoid the systemic toxicity associated with inhibiting its general splicing function.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

BUD31_HUMAN

Genular Protein ID: 4067107284

Symbol: BUD31_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P41223 A4D274 B7Z4S9 D6W5S6 Q6IB53 Q9UDV1

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7841202

Title: Characterization of edg-2, a human homologue of the Xenopus maternal transcript G10 from endothelial cells.

PubMed ID: 7841202

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(94)00219-s

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12690205

Title: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.

PubMed ID: 12690205

DOI: 10.1126/science.1083423

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25091737

Title: Identification of a new androgen receptor (AR) co-regulator BUD31 and related peptides to suppress wild-type and mutated AR-mediated prostate cancer growth via peptide screening and X-ray structure analysis.

PubMed ID: 25091737

DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.06.009

PubMed ID: 28502770

Title: An Atomic Structure of the Human Spliceosome.

PubMed ID: 28502770

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.033

PubMed ID: 28076346

Title: Cryo-EM structure of a human spliceosome activated for step 2 of splicing.

PubMed ID: 28076346

DOI: 10.1038/nature21079

Sequence Information:

Length: 144
Mass: 17000
Checksum: 520B8E74C97D0926
Sequence:

MPKVKRSRKA PPDGWELIEP TLDELDQKMR EAETEPHEGK RKVESLWPIF RIHHQKTRYI 
FDLFYKRKAI SRELYEYCIK EGYADKNLIA KWKKQGYENL CCLRCIQTRD TNFGTNCICR 
VPKSKLEVGR IIECTHCGCR GCSG

	Overall overall
	Adrenal gland UBERON0002369
	Basal cell carcinoma MONDO0020804
	Blood UBERON0000178
	\|— Blood COVID-19 UBERON0000178_MONDO0100096
	\|— Blood Cytomegalovirus infection UBERON0000178_MONDO0005132
	\|— Blood Healthy UBERON0000178_PATO0000461
	Body of stomach UBERON0001161
	Bone marrow UBERON0002371
	\|— Bone marrow Healthy UBERON0002371_PATO0000461
	Brain UBERON0000955
	\|— Brain Healthy UBERON0000955_PATO0000461
	Breast UBERON0000310
	\|— Breast cancer MONDO0007254
	Bronchus UBERON0002185
	Cerebellum UBERON0002037
	Cerebral cortex UBERON0000956
	\|— Cerebral cortex Healthy UBERON0000956_PATO0000461
	Cerebrospinal fluid UBERON0001359
	Colon UBERON0001155
	\|— Colon Healthy UBERON0001155_PATO0000461
	\|— Colonic epithelium UBERON0000397
	Colorectal cancer MONDO0005575
	Cortex of kidney UBERON0001225
	COVID-19 MONDO0100096
	Crohn disease MONDO0005011
	Cytomegalovirus infection MONDO0005132
	Dental pulp UBERON0001754
	Duodenum UBERON0002114
	\|— Duodenum Healthy UBERON0002114_PATO0000461
	Fovea centralis UBERON0001786
	\|— Fovea centralis Healthy UBERON0001786_PATO0000461
	Glioblastoma MONDO0018177
	Healthy PATO0000461
	Hippocampal formation UBERON0002421
	\|— Hippocampal formation Healthy UBERON0002421_PATO0000461
	Ileum UBERON0002116
	\|— Ileum Healthy UBERON0002116_PATO0000461
	\|— Ileum lamina propria UBERON8600035
	Islet of Langerhans UBERON0000006
	Kidney UBERON0002113
	\|— Kidney Healthy UBERON0002113_PATO0000461
	Lamina propria of small intestine UBERON0001238
	Liver UBERON0002107
	\|— Liver Healthy UBERON0002107_PATO0000461
	Lung UBERON0002048
	\|— Lung Healthy UBERON0002048_PATO0000461
	\|— Lung adenocarcinoma MONDO0005061
	Lymph node UBERON0000029
	\|— Lymph node Metastatic melanoma UBERON0000029_MONDO0005191
	Malignant ovarian serous tumor MONDO0024885
	Metastatic melanoma MONDO0005191
	Nasopharynx UBERON0001728
	Neuroblastoma MONDO0005072
	Ovary UBERON0000992
	\|— Ovary Healthy UBERON0000992_PATO0000461
	Placenta UBERON0001987
	Pleural effusion UBERON0000175
	Pons UBERON0000988
	\|— Pons Healthy UBERON0000988_PATO0000461
	Renal cell carcinoma MONDO0005086
	Renal medulla UBERON0000362
	\|— Renal medulla Healthy UBERON0000362_PATO0000461
	Respiratory airway UBERON0001005
	\|— Respiratory airway COVID-19 UBERON0001005_MONDO0100096
	Retina UBERON0000966
	\|— Retina Healthy UBERON0000966_PATO0000461
	Sigmoid colon UBERON0001159
	\|— Sigmoid colon Healthy UBERON0001159_PATO0000461
	Skin of body UBERON0002097
	\|— Skin of body Healthy UBERON0002097_PATO0000461
	Small cell lung carcinoma MONDO0008433
	Spleen UBERON0002106
	\|— Spleen Healthy UBERON0002106_PATO0000461
	Telencephalon UBERON0001893
	\|— Telencephalon Healthy UBERON0001893_PATO0000461
	Thymus UBERON0002370
	\|— Thymus Healthy UBERON0002370_PATO0000461
	UBERON0005290 UBERON0005290
	\|— UBERON0005290 Healthy UBERON0005290_PATO0000461
	Upper lobe of left lung UBERON0008952

Details for: BUD31

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

Characterization of edg-2, a human homologue of the Xenopus maternal transcript G10 from endothelial cells. PubMed ID: 7841202

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. PubMed ID: 12690205

The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. PubMed ID: 12853948

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. PubMed ID: 19608861

Initial characterization of the human central proteome. PubMed ID: 21269460

Identification of a new androgen receptor (AR) co-regulator BUD31 and related peptides to suppress wild-type and mutated AR-mediated prostate cancer growth via peptide screening and X-ray structure analysis. PubMed ID: 25091737

An Atomic Structure of the Human Spliceosome. PubMed ID: 28502770

Cryo-EM structure of a human spliceosome activated for step 2 of splicing. PubMed ID: 28076346