TMEM256 | ENSG00000205544 | NCBI 254863

Details for: TMEM256

Gene ID: 254863

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TMEM256

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000205544

Description: transmembrane protein 256

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Biological_process
(GO:0008150)
Extracellular exosome
(GO:0070062)
Membrane
(GO:0016020)
Mitochondrion
(GO:0005739)
Molecular_function
(GO:0003674)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 67.29

rCSI 70.33%

PRS 43.1
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 52.28

rCSI 54.77%

PRS 40.89
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 48.43

rCSI 32.19%

PRS 47.36
stem cell CL0000034

CSI 43.29

rCSI 41.74%

PRS 34.59
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 38.98

rCSI 35.2%

PRS 40.27
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 36.97

rCSI 32.01%

PRS 47.17
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 36.47

rCSI 29.49%

PRS 44.08
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 35.11

rCSI 40.72%

PRS 54.37
plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 33.11

rCSI 26.04%

PRS 49.85
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI 31.04

rCSI 50.06%

PRS 52.37
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 29.41

rCSI 27.19%

PRS 63.68
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 28.98

rCSI 49.65%

PRS 52.76
colonocyte CL1000347

CSI 28.02

rCSI 40.16%

PRS 50.86
M cell of gut CL0000682

CSI 27.01

rCSI 28.7%

PRS 58.54
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 26.88

rCSI 30.77%

PRS 66.23
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 26.85

rCSI 28.02%

PRS 44.22
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 25.81

rCSI 30.31%

PRS 47.26
promyelocyte CL0000836

CSI 25.79

rCSI 37.2%

PRS 53.54
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI 24.28

rCSI 17.43%

PRS 56.27
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 24.11

rCSI 19.59%

PRS 44.32
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 24

rCSI 36.71%

PRS 59.76
mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113

CSI 20.86

rCSI 45.92%

PRS 47.52
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 19.18

rCSI 24.07%

PRS 53.11
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 19.05

rCSI 16.73%

PRS 48.42
hepatocyte CL0000182

CSI 18.3

rCSI 32.76%

PRS 41.92
non-classical monocyte CL0000875

CSI 18.23

rCSI 29.21%

PRS 72.1
large pre-B-II cell CL0000957

CSI 17.66

rCSI 50.42%

PRS 58.07
endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138

CSI 17.4

rCSI 34.49%

PRS 66.75
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 16.99

rCSI 15.08%

PRS 42.61
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 16.3

rCSI 23.85%

PRS 46.42
pancreatic A cell CL0000171

CSI 16.14

rCSI 16.91%

PRS 46.16
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035

CSI 15.84

rCSI 45.87%

PRS 46.03
alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 15.75

rCSI 25.95%

PRS 49.02
paneth cell CL0000510

CSI 15.23

rCSI 22.48%

PRS 60.85
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 15.05

rCSI 11.67%

PRS 43.96
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 14.48

rCSI 12%

PRS 42.05
erythrocyte CL0000232

CSI 13.95

rCSI 31.66%

PRS 49.1
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 13.89

rCSI 9.66%

PRS 51.8
choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706

CSI 13.73

rCSI 22.48%

PRS 34.66
IgA plasma cell CL0000987

CSI 13.67

rCSI 14%

PRS 62.13
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044

CSI 13.5

rCSI 38.71%

PRS 60.79
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 13.33

rCSI 16.49%

PRS 39.55
epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306

CSI 13.19

rCSI 32.21%

PRS 39.79
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 12.74

rCSI 11.2%

PRS 33.19
acinar cell CL0000622

CSI 12.54

rCSI 18.39%

PRS 54.51
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 12.5

rCSI 12.48%

PRS 37.99
CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938

CSI 11.83

rCSI 8.87%

PRS 75.75
enteroendocrine cell CL0000164

CSI 11.61

rCSI 15.87%

PRS 46.08
epithelial cell CL0000066

CSI 11.5

rCSI 17.67%

PRS 45.77
pro-B cell CL0000826

CSI 11.21

rCSI 9.28%

PRS 44.46
pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079

CSI 11.12

rCSI 21.62%

PRS 45.47
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913

CSI 10.91

rCSI 9.94%

PRS 58.51
pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568

CSI 10.67

rCSI 14.52%

PRS 56.43
erythroblast CL0000765

CSI 10.67

rCSI 28.3%

PRS 56.9
intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538

CSI 10.64

rCSI 25.54%

PRS 59.39
B cell CL0000236

CSI 10.37

rCSI 13.88%

PRS 73.19
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 10.28

rCSI 9.48%

PRS 44.46
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 9.75

rCSI 10.1%

PRS 49.22
central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904

CSI 9.68

rCSI 5.71%

PRS 58.29
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 9.55

rCSI 8%

PRS 48.5
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI 9.47

rCSI 15.12%

PRS 47.24
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 9.3

rCSI 8.54%

PRS 50.73
interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088

CSI 9.24

rCSI 11.76%

PRS 48.7
kidney epithelial cell CL0002518

CSI 9.23

rCSI 17.62%

PRS 66.71
primitive red blood cell CL0002355

CSI 9.22

rCSI 49.72%

PRS 58.15
CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054

CSI 9.18

rCSI 11.44%

PRS 54.92
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI 8.89

rCSI 28.83%

PRS 46.44
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900

CSI 8.74

rCSI 6.14%

PRS 66.14
precursor B cell CL0000817

CSI 8.47

rCSI 7.42%

PRS 53.17
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 8.38

rCSI 10.74%

PRS 48.24
granulocyte CL0000094

CSI 8.28

rCSI 12.66%

PRS 52.42
goblet cell CL0000160

CSI 8.2

rCSI 7.75%

PRS 44.51
memory B cell CL0000787

CSI 8.16

rCSI 8.05%

PRS 77.13
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 8.16

rCSI 11.29%

PRS 48.53
CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397

CSI 8.03

rCSI 10.53%

PRS 56.52
lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223

CSI 7.97

rCSI 11.79%

PRS 48.39
mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134

CSI 7.64

rCSI 83.62%

PRS 59.99
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 7.59

rCSI 5.28%

PRS 56.21
hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001

CSI 7.56

rCSI 7.78%

PRS 61.03
CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811

CSI 7.56

rCSI 11.79%

PRS 70.56
Kupffer cell CL0000091

CSI 7.53

rCSI 17.23%

PRS 42.96
retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586

CSI 7.47

rCSI 14.84%

PRS 43.03
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 7.36

rCSI 9.26%

PRS 56.94
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 7.33

rCSI 5.51%

PRS 46.81
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 7.22

rCSI 6.03%

PRS 64.54
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 7.19

rCSI 9.83%

PRS 48.29
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 7.15

rCSI 5.41%

PRS 55.57
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 7.12

rCSI 8.6%

PRS 51.13
plasma cell CL0000786

CSI 7.07

rCSI 9.27%

PRS 79.59
lung pericyte CL0009089

CSI 6.99

rCSI 18.44%

PRS 50.94
pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063

CSI 6.98

rCSI 10.83%

PRS 53.54
mast cell CL0000097

CSI 6.93

rCSI 14.96%

PRS 73.69
T follicular helper cell CL0002038

CSI 6.78

rCSI 5.08%

PRS 58
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050

CSI 6.77

rCSI 5.15%

PRS 54.71
CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810

CSI 6.6

rCSI 5.29%

PRS 64.9
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 6.44

rCSI 6.2%

PRS 44.05
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000895

CSI 6.42

rCSI 8.07%

PRS 80.9
monocyte CL0000576

CSI 6.29

rCSI 11.38%

PRS 65.81
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI 6.28

rCSI 11.08%

PRS 52.1
basal cell CL0000646

CSI 6.14

rCSI 8.21%

PRS 45.06

B-2 B cell CL0000822

CSI 0.2

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 83.1%
cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 55.6%
mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021

CSI 0.2

rCSI 6.4%

PRS 77.8%
P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 66.1%
follicular dendritic cell CL0000442

CSI 0.4

rCSI 6.0%

PRS 79.0%
Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695

CSI 0.4

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 60.0%
respiratory goblet cell CL0002370

CSI 0.4

rCSI 4.4%

PRS 64.1%
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 52.4%
CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 68.2%
epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449

CSI 0.5

rCSI 4.4%

PRS 83.6%
endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092

CSI 0.5

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 55.2%
antibody secreting cell CL0000946

CSI 0.5

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 84.8%
basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348

CSI 0.5

rCSI 3.7%

PRS 67.7%
intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043

CSI 0.6

rCSI 4.4%

PRS 63.7%
myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057

CSI 0.6

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 75.5%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794

CSI 0.7

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 63.7%
CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human CL0001074

CSI 0.7

rCSI 7.5%

PRS 78.8%
IgM plasma cell CL0000986

CSI 0.7

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 83.6%
bronchial goblet cell CL1000312

CSI 0.7

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 65.1%
pancreatic PP cell CL0002275

CSI 0.7

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 58.8%
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 0.8

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 44.5%
epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252

CSI 0.8

rCSI 7.6%

PRS 70.6%
transitional stage B cell CL0000818

CSI 0.9

rCSI 2.9%

PRS 75.9%
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 0.9

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 73.5%
thymocyte CL0000893

CSI 0.9

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 79.3%
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915

CSI 0.9

rCSI 4.2%

PRS 78.6%
late pro-B cell CL0002048

CSI 0.9

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 74.0%
neuroendocrine cell CL0000165

CSI 0.9

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 62.1%
acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623

CSI 1.0

rCSI 22.3%

PRS 66.3%
OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750

CSI 1.1

rCSI 1.5%

PRS 53.6%
tracheal goblet cell CL1000329

CSI 1.1

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 63.2%
glandular epithelial cell CL0000150

CSI 1.2

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 66.2%
ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046

CSI 1.2

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 76.2%
lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838

CSI 1.2

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 63.8%
paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343

CSI 1.3

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 58.0%
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 1.3

rCSI 8.7%

PRS 61.9%
cord blood hematopoietic stem cell CL2000095

CSI 1.3

rCSI 24.5%

PRS 89.5%
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 1.3

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 65.5%
pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010

CSI 1.4

rCSI 19.0%

PRS 76.7%
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 1.5

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 45.5%
pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019

CSI 1.5

rCSI 6.9%

PRS 66.5%
podocyte CL0000653

CSI 1.6

rCSI 7.0%

PRS 42.3%
forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000

CSI 1.6

rCSI 5.1%

PRS 51.1%
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 1.6

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 50.3%
basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341

CSI 1.6

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 61.2%
paneth cell of colon CL0009009

CSI 1.7

rCSI 17.0%

PRS 69.0%
myelocyte CL0002193

CSI 1.7

rCSI 11.4%

PRS 76.5%
B-1 B cell CL0000819

CSI 1.7

rCSI 45.0%

PRS 83.7%
tendon cell CL0000388

CSI 1.8

rCSI 4.7%

PRS 67.1%
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 1.9

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 46.2%
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 1.9

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 53.5%
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 2.0

rCSI 15.9%

PRS 38.4%
germinal center B cell CL0000844

CSI 2.0

rCSI 5.9%

PRS 66.3%
type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279

CSI 2.0

rCSI 3.7%

PRS 63.3%
mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791

CSI 2.0

rCSI 7.2%

PRS 62.6%
Langerhans cell CL0000453

CSI 2.0

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 60.7%
fibroblast of breast CL4006000

CSI 2.0

rCSI 8.4%

PRS 65.6%
chondrocyte CL0000138

CSI 2.0

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 37.0%
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 2.1

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 71.3%
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 2.1

rCSI 1.5%

PRS 45.2%
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI 2.1

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 40.4%
intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017

CSI 2.1

rCSI 5.8%

PRS 52.4%
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 2.2

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 52.7%
group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069

CSI 2.2

rCSI 11.8%

PRS 78.7%
ON-bipolar cell CL0000749

CSI 2.2

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 46.2%
renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011

CSI 2.2

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 51.7%
pluripotent stem cell CL0002248

CSI 2.2

rCSI 67.3%

PRS 68.4%
kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107

CSI 2.3

rCSI 5.9%

PRS 39.9%
hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837

CSI 2.3

rCSI 5.5%

PRS 61.2%
peptic cell CL0000155

CSI 2.3

rCSI 22.5%

PRS 70.7%
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 2.3

rCSI 3.4%

PRS 59.7%
mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327

CSI 2.4

rCSI 8.3%

PRS 59.0%
foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179

CSI 2.4

rCSI 5.1%

PRS 58.5%
luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326

CSI 2.4

rCSI 4.3%

PRS 59.8%
conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432

CSI 2.5

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 44.2%
Hofbauer cell CL3000001

CSI 2.5

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 53.6%
basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028

CSI 2.5

rCSI 13.5%

PRS 80.7%
natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903

CSI 2.6

rCSI 5.0%

PRS 77.4%
transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012

CSI 2.7

rCSI 11.6%

PRS 62.8%
enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334

CSI 2.7

rCSI 41.6%

PRS 69.3%
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 2.7

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 59.7%
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 2.7

rCSI 3.9%

PRS 57.0%
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 2.8

rCSI 6.3%

PRS 42.2%
centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029

CSI 2.8

rCSI 7.2%

PRS 51.9%
CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934

CSI 2.8

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 64.3%
lung macrophage CL1001603

CSI 2.8

rCSI 6.3%

PRS 49.9%
endocrine cell CL0000163

CSI 2.8

rCSI 14.5%

PRS 78.9%
glial cell CL0000125

CSI 2.8

rCSI 10.8%

PRS 37.5%
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 2.9

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 62.0%
enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006

CSI 2.9

rCSI 6.3%

PRS 58.1%
type B pancreatic cell CL0000169

CSI 2.9

rCSI 6.3%

PRS 40.9%
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 2.9

rCSI 14.6%

PRS 54.3%
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 3.0

rCSI 2.9%

PRS 67.5%
stromal cell CL0000499

CSI 3.0

rCSI 8.4%

PRS 44.0%
adventitial cell CL0002503

CSI 3.0

rCSI 7.2%

PRS 54.2%
intestinal tuft cell CL0019032

CSI 3.2

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 48.1%
mucus secreting cell CL0000319

CSI 3.2

rCSI 5.1%

PRS 54.0%
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 3.2

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 47.3%
common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051

CSI 3.2

rCSI 4.3%

PRS 65.8%
inflammatory macrophage CL0000863

CSI 3.4

rCSI 5.9%

PRS 69.5%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

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Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

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Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

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Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17p13.1 that encodes Transmembrane protein 256. Functional annotation suggests the protein is localized to the [membrane](/details-cell/GO:0016020), [mitochondrion](/details-cell/GO:0005739), and [extracellular exosome](/details-cell/GO:0070062), although its precise molecular function remains poorly characterized. Expression data from the **Overall** context indicates a significant role for [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) in two primary biological systems: the epithelial lining of the intestine and the hematopoietic system. Its high significance in [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563)s and various hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, such as [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)s, suggests it may be involved in tissue maintenance, barrier function, and the regulation of early blood cell development. The gene was cataloged as part of the Mammalian Gene Collection project [Link](https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2596504). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) highlights its importance in distinct cellular compartments, primarily mucosal epithelia and the hematopoietic lineage. Within the **Overall** context, the gene shows the highest significance in cells of the gastrointestinal tract, including [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563) (CSI: 67.29), [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108) (CSI: 52.28), [enterocyte](/details-cell/CL0000584) (CSI: 31.04), and [colonocyte](/details-cell/CL1000347) (CSI: 28.02). This strong epithelial signature, which also includes [nasal mucosa goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0002480) (CSI: 35.11), points towards a potential role in mucosal barrier function or cell-cell interactions within these tissues. Concurrently, [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) is a significant marker for early hematopoietic development. It is highly expressed in [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)s (CSI: 48.43) and various committed progenitors, including [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 38.98), [granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000557) (CSI: 36.97), and [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) (CSI: 36.47). This pattern suggests involvement in the maintenance or differentiation of these foundational immune and blood cells. Expression is also noted in more differentiated immune cell types, such as [plasmablast](/details-cell/CL0000980)s (CSI: 33.11) and [activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000896)s (CSI: 29.41), indicating a potential role that extends into active immune responses. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The specific molecular functions of [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) are not well-defined, with Gene Ontology annotations limited to high-level terms such as [biological_process](/details-cell/GO:0008150) and [molecular_function](/details-cell/GO:0003674). However, cellular component analysis provides important clues to its potential roles. The protein's designation as a transmembrane protein is consistent with its annotation to the [membrane](/details-cell/GO:0016020). More specifically, its localization to the [mitochondrion](/details-cell/GO:0005739) is noteworthy, as this could link [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) to cellular metabolism or energy production. This is particularly relevant for the highly proliferative and metabolically active cells where it is prominently expressed, such as hematopoietic progenitors and activated T cells. Furthermore, its annotation to the [extracellular exosome](/details-cell/GO:0070062) suggests a role in intercellular communication. This function is plausible in the gut environment, where exosomes mediate signaling between epithelial cells and the underlying immune system to maintain homeostasis. ## Research Directions The dual expression pattern of [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) in both intestinal epithelium and hematopoietic cells, combined with its subcellular localization, presents several compelling avenues for future research. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in gut epithelial cells, its presence in various immune cells, and its localization to exosomes, it is hypothesized that **[TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) functions as a cargo protein in exosomes released by [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563)s, mediating communication with local immune cells to regulate mucosal tolerance or inflammatory responses.** 2. Based on its high significance in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and its mitochondrial localization, a second hypothesis is that **[TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) plays a role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism or dynamics during hematopoietic differentiation, thereby influencing cell fate decisions.** **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding its role in gut epithelial-immune communication, a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) could be generated in an intestinal organoid model. Exosomes would then be isolated from the conditioned media of both wild-type and knockout organoids. Proteomic analysis of these exosomes would confirm the presence or absence of TMEM256. Subsequently, these exosomes would be co-cultured with primary immune cells (e.g., T cells or macrophages), and their functional impact on cellular activation, proliferation, and cytokine production could be assessed via flow cytometry and ELISA. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a transmembrane protein found in exosomes, [TMEM256](/details-gene/254863) represents a potentially accessible therapeutic target or biomarker. If found to mediate pro-inflammatory signaling in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, it could be a target for antibody-based inhibition. Conversely, its presence in circulating exosomes might serve as a non-invasive biomarker for gut barrier dysfunction or hematopoietic disorders. Further research is required to elucidate its specific function before its therapeutic utility can be fully determined.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Transmembrane protein 256

Genular Protein ID: 1722715951

Symbol: TM256_HUMAN

Name: Transmembrane protein 256

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q8N2U0

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

Length: 113
Mass: 11742
Checksum: 3184A3767F5ABB0E
Sequence:

MAGPAAAFRR LGALSGAAAL GFASYGAHGA QFPDAYGKEL FDKANKHHFL HSLALLGVPH 
CRKPLWAGLL LASGTTLFCT SFYYQALSGD PSIQTLAPAG GTLLLLGWLA LAL